Archives de l’auteur : Laurent Dingli

Maurice Ribet* au général de Gaulle, Paris, le 21 novembre 1944

Cité par Robert Aron, Histoire de l’épuration, T.III 1, 1974

Mon Général,

Un récent communiqué du Conseil des ministres annonçait que le gouvernement avait décidé de confisquer « les biens appartenant à la société des usines Renault ». La raison en était, d’après un commentaire officieux, que, si la mort de Louis Renault avait atteint l’action publique, il n’en était pas moins vrai que – lui vivant – ses biens auraient été normalement confisqués à la suite de la condamnation que lui auraient infligée la cour de justice.

La décision du gouvernement et la décision annoncée jugent donc définitivement un procès dont l’instruction n’est pas terminée et dont les éléments déjà recueillis ne peuvent qu’inspirer une prudente réserve à l’accusation.

Outre que la mémoire de Louis Renault n’a rien à redouter d’un débat public et complet, pour être lavée de l’inculpation infamante de trahison envers la patrie, il est grave qu’une pareille décision gouvernementale porte atteinte à la défense du directeur général de la société anonyme des usines Renault, M. De Peyrecave, inculpé lui aussi et détenu à Fresnes.

Si l’attitude des dirigeants de la société est ainsi, avant la lettre, stigmatisée publiquement par l’exécutif, si les sanction d’ordre financier sont annoncées à grand fracas, quelle sera l’indépendance des juges dont il faut plaindre le destin ?

Déjà, en octobre 1941, dans le procès de M. le président Daladier devant la Cour suprême de justice, la voix du chef du pseudo-gouvernement de l’Etat français avait annoncé par radio, au peuple français étonné, qu’il avait décidé, avant même le commencement des débats, de condamner l’ancien chef du gouvernement de la République que je défendais à la détention perpétuelle au fort du Portalet. Cette sentence inimaginable m’avait déterminé à adresser au maréchal Pétain une lettre de protestation d’où j’extrais ce passage essentiel:

« Je pense fermement que votre décision a méconnu des vérités premières et des principes immuables qui sont l’honneur de toutes les sociétés civilisées.

« Il n’est pas inutile de vous les rappeler :

« 1) Un accusé de peut être condamné sans avoir été appelé à se défendre.

« 2) Un accusé ne peut être condamné à une peine quelconque avant d’être jugé par les magistrats spécialement délégués à cet effet.

« Ces principes éternels et élémentaires ont été toujours respectés dans tous les temps et sous tous les régimes dès lors qu’on prétend rester sur le terrain de la justice. C’est servir la France que de les défendre, et il est bon, quand par une erreur certainement passagère ils ont été momentanément oubliés, qu’une voix s’élève, sereine et calme, pour les rappeler (…) Vous aviez besoin, monsieur le maréchal, qu’on ne vous laissât pas ignorer tout cela. »

De son côté, le bâtonnier de l’ordre des avocats à la cour d’appel de Paris, maître Jacques Charpentier, joignait sa protestation à la mienne. Il disait au maréchal :

« Si l’examen du dossier et les débats amènent les juges à des décisions contraires aux vôtres, devront-ils désavouer la décision du chef ? Devront-ils, au contraire, refouler la voix de leur conscience et condamner des hommes qu’ils estimeraient innocents ? Si telle était la sentence qui se prépare, elle serait dès maintenant frappée d’un irrésistible discrédit.

« C’est sans doute la première fois qu’au cours de l’histoire des juridictions les directives du pouvoir sont données tout haut et que la voix du chef de l’Etat se fait entendre avant celle des juges ».

N’est-il pas surprenant, mon Général, que la décision de votre gouvernement justifie ces protestations qui ne vous étaient pas destinées ?

Nous avons lutté pendant quatre ans, publiquement et non sans risque, contre la violation des principes sacrés par un pseudo-gouvernement de dictateurs improvisés ; pendant quatre ans, nous avons attendu avec ferveur le retour de Celui qui n’a jamais désespéré et qui, dans ses messages admirables de confiance imperturbable, nous assurait le rétablisement de la légalité républicaine.

Cette espérance n’a pas été trompée: dans la hâte des décisions, une erreur peut cependant avoir été commise : il est de mon devoir de vous le signaler respectueusement.

Les ministres compétents qui ont soumis à l’agrément du gouvernement cette mesure de confiscation comme corollaire d’une culpabilité qui reste à démontrer sont évidemment d’une bonne foi entière. Mais que savent-ils d’une instruction qui est en cours et qui, jusqu’au jour de la décision du parquet, doit rester secrète ?

Je crains qu’ils n’aient écouté avec complaisance les échos d’une certaine partie de l’opinion dont l’impartialité ne semble pas la première vertu.

C’est pourquoi, mon Général, je vous demande avec confiance de reconsidérer cette situation anormale, d’assurer à vos juges la pleine indépendance de leur décision, et de ne pas statuer par un moyen oblique sur une culpabilité préalable que seuls le parquet et la cour de justice sont en mesure d’apprécier…

Maurice Ribet

* Maurice Ribet était l’avocat de Louis Renault. Il avait défendu Edouard Daladier lors du procès de Riom organisé par le gouvernement de Vichy.

WAR CABINET. NOTE BY LORD TRENCHARD ON OUR WAR POLICY-AUGUST 1942.

Source : National Archives UK – WP (42) 399

In the present year the small proportion of our Air power employed offensively against Germany has destroyed Rostock, Lubeck and a large part of Cologne. It has done considerable damage to submarine resources at Hamburg, Kiel, Augsburg, Deutz, Emden and Oberhausen. It destroyed the Renault works equivalent to the fighting vehicles and transport of five Panzer Divisions. It has hit hard at Gennevilliers and the Heinkel works. It has taken very heavy toll of enemy shipping.

WAR CABINET WEEKLY RESUME ( N o . 191) of the NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR SITUATION from 0700 April 22nd, to 0700 April 29th, 1943

Source : National Archives UK – WP (43) 182

France.

Billancourt.—The U.S.A.A.F. attack on the Renault Works achieved considerable success and it is at present estimated that three months will elapse before anything approaching normal production will be possible. The turning-shop received two direct hits. Two-thirds of the lathes were rendered unserviceable and the remainder need repair. The transmission belting was cut and the roofing collapsed. The shop for finished lorries received six direct hits, resulting in 25 per cent, of the lorries being rendered useless, 25 per cent, being damaged but repairable, the remainder being serviceable. The joinery shop was completely wrecked by four direct hits. The spare parts store and the workmen’s rest room a n d canteen were destroyed.

WAR CABINET WEEKLY RESUME (No. 132) of the NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR SITUATION from 0700 March 5th, to 0700 March 12th, 1942

Source : National Archives UK – WP (42) 120

Air Attacks on Enemy Territory in Europe.

Extracts from Recent Raid Assessment Reports.

The following reports of damage have been received during the past week from Air Reconnaissance and Intelligence sources : –

Occupied France.

Paris.-Persons present d u r i n g the attack on the night of the 3rd / 4 th March on the Renault Works describe this attack as the most important occurrence in France since the Armistice, and as a tremendous success for Great B r i t a i n . High Nazi authorities are stated to have been enraged because the German High Command, in direct violation of their advice, had denuded P a r i s and the greater p a r t of the occupied zone of defensive equipment. In the attack the Salmson Works were destroyed, and the Renault Works, with the exception of one department, were razed to the ground. The public i n P a r i s a r e said t o have been overjoyed at the attack, p a r t i c u l a r l y because the Renault factory had become the symbol of collaboration with Germany.

WAR CABINET WEEKLY RESUME (No. 185) of the NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR SITUATION from 0700 March 11th, to 0700 March 18th,1943

Source : National Archives UK – WP (43) 110

Le Mans.

Photographs taken on the 8th and 11th March show the following damage to the Arnage marshalling yard after the attack on the 4th, and to the Renault Works after the attack on the 9th March :—

(i) In the marshalling yard one of the steam and electric locomotive sheds has been severely damaged, and the other has a large hole in the centre of the roof. The wagon, paint and repair shops have sustained severe roof damage, and there are two direct hits on railway lines causing blast damage to trucks.

(ii) In the Renault Works a six-bay building.has extensive roof damage, with particularly severe damage to the east end caused by one or more direct hits. A,19-bay building has been severely damaged over an area of 2,360 square yards, and a 10-bay building has roof damage over six bays. Two more six-bay buildings have also sustained roof damage.

 

WAR CABINET WEEKLY RESUME (No. 188) of the NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR SITUATION from 0700 April 1st, to 0700 April 8th,1943

Source : National Archives UK – WP (43) 146

Germany and Occupied Territory.

Day. .

  1. U.S. heavy’ bombers operated on two occasions. The first attack, made by 87 Fortresses (B. 17), was on the Renault Works at Billancourt, near Paris, where 222 tons of H.E. were dropped in good weather conditions. Bombing is reported to have been good and an interpretation of photographs taken on the following day is referred to in Appendix VI. Many enemy fighters were encountered and 47 of these were destroyed by the Fortresses (B. 17) and a further 19 were probably destroyed or damaged. Four Fortresses were lost. « In conjunction with this operation, 25 Liberators (B. 24) carried out two uneventful sweeps. The second attack was made by 83 Fortresses (B. 17) and Liberators (B. 24) on the Erla aircraft and aero-engine repair works at Antwerp. Weather was excellent and 245 tons of H.E. were dropped, but no results were observed from the bombing, which was described as  » fair. » (For results as assessed from photographs, see Appendix VI.) In combat, provisional claims are 11 fighters destroyed, six probably destroyed and four damaged, for the loss of four Fortresses (B. 17). (…)

France.

Paris.—Photographs taken on the 5th which cover the whole of the Renault Works show that, as, a result of the US.A.A.F. daylight attack on the 4th, damage is widespread throughout the works. Several buildings of the Salmson Works have also been severely damaged.

WAR CABINET WEEKLY RESUME (No. 189) of the NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR SITUATION from 0700 April 8th, to 0700 April 15th,1943

Source : National Archives UK – WP (43) 157

France.

Paris.—A final interpretation of photographs confirms the very heavy damage inflicted on the Renault Works by the U.S.A.A.F. attack on the 4th April. Almost every major building of the works has sustained damage, which amounts in many cases to the destruction of the greater part. In addition to the Renault and Salmson Works, the Farman Works lias suffered numerous points of damage, and a large unidentified works, situated near the’ Salmson Works and said to be engaged on aero-engine construction, has been extensively damaged. More than 40 distinct shops in the Renault Works have been damaged, and include—

Press shop—3.000 square yards severely damaged.

Assembly shops—9.800 square yards wrecked or seriously damaged.

Engine testing and finishing shop—3,300 square yards wrecked.

Component and tool shop—2.100 square yards collapsed and hole.

900 square yards, in middle of shop.

Radiator and axle shop—3,000 square yards wrecked.

P a t t e r n shop—2,500 square yards wrecked.

Foundry—9,000 square yards wrecked.

Sheet metal and radiator shop—22.000 square yards of roof destroyed.

Casting foundry—9.000 square yards wrecked.

Forges—7,000 square yards wrecked.

Engine shop—7.800 square yards wrecked or severely damaged.

Non-ferrous metal foundry—5.500 square yards wrecked.

Repair shops—6.000 square yards wrecked.

Aero-engine assembly shops—4.200 square yards wrecked.

WAR CABINET WEEKLY RESUME (No. 210) of the NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR SITUATION from 0700 2nd September, to 0700 9th September,1943

Source : National Archives UK – WP (43) 391

France.

Paris.—Photographs taken on the 4th September after the U.S.A.A.F. attack on the 3rd September show damage to the carriage making shop and slight damage to the steel works and chemical and photographic products shop of the Caudron Renault Works. Three large sheds of the Dunlop Plastic and Celluloid Works have been severely damaged and five smaller buildings of the same concern destroyed. Hits on the railway tracks between the airfield and the River Seine have cut the lines in six places.

WAR CABINET WEEKLY RESUME (No. 212) of the NAVAL, MILITARY AND AIR SITUATION from 0700 16th September, to 0700 23rd September, 1943

Source : National Archives UK – WP (43) 416

France.
Paris.—An immediate interpretation of photographs taken on the 10th September shows considerable damage to targets in the P a r i s area resulting
from the U.S.A.A.F. attacks on the 15th September :—
1. Bois Colombes.
(a) Soc. Hispano-Suiza Aero-Engine Works.—Two main workshops in the north part of the works have been damaged, one of them severely. The heat-treatment shop, the machine shop and at least one other shop have all been affected.
(b) Cie (VApplications Mecaniques [CAM.) Bail-Bearing Works. Main workshop severely damaged.
(c) Soc. Berliet Repair Works and Store.—Main workshop severely damaged.
(d) Delage M/T Store.—Damaged in three places.

2. Point du Jour.
(a) S.A. des A vions Caudron-Renault.—With the exception of some buildings (probably offices) on the bank of the Seine, every building in the works has been damaged. Three of the largest have been partially destroyed (one of them having had five direct hits) and the long building running the whole length of the works on the east side has been severely damaged.
3. Billancourt.
(a) Renault Works.—These works have again been heavily damaged. The large sheet metal and radiator shop, on which repairs were practically complete, has been three-quarters destroyed. The radiator and axle shop, the gear shops and the core shop have all suffered, while several buildings on the He Sequin have been severely damaged.
4. Quai de Javel.
(a) S.A . Andre Citroen—Automobile Engine Construction and M. V. Assembly Plant.—Workshops in the south-west part have been damaged as has another in the centre of the works. Slight damage has been caused in the south-east part.
5. Issy-les-Moulineau-x.—Two hangars south-east of the power station have been damaged by direct hits.